Employee Compensation and Benefits Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Employee Compensation and Benefits - Essay Example However, it is worthwhile to note that it is expected to vary annually given the fact that the employee’s selections may vary. From the above, salary is the biggest portion; and it includes commissions and other bonuses that may arise. Of important to note is that salary determine the level of some benefits including insurances. Health and welfare benefit which includes education reimbursement; vision and dental coverage are important benefits that extend to the employees’ families in order for the employee to have the needed resources to maintain good health at a recommended and affordable cost. As such, it is an advantage to the company given that it increases the well being of its employee contributing to the rise of productivity and growth (Mitchell et al., 2003). The saving and retirement plans are equally important as they will provide the employee with resources to assist in planning his or her retirement. Additionally, these benefits guarantee or offer an employee a cost-of-living adjusted earnings for life in retirement. As such, it reassures the employee that the future is taken care of and as such, s/he is therefore, able to concentrate and work towards accomplishing the company’s set objectives. It s worth noting that most employees understand the benefits of retirement plans and most a percentage of potential employees are said o refuse jobs that lack the retirement benefits. Offering an attractive retirement benefit will not benefit the employee but will also be an advantage to the company given that it will lower turnover rates. Essentially, this benefit will assist the company not only be in a position to recruit talented employees but also retain and boost their working morale. Equally enough social security and medicare a re significant benefits to the employees and indirectly to the company. As noted above, the company need to attract and maintain a high value workforce so as

Robert Brownings The Laboratory and Carol Ann Duffys Havisham Essay Example for Free

Robert Brownings The Laboratory and Carol Ann Duffys Havisham Essay The Laboratory by Robert Browning and Havisham by Carol Ann Duffy are two poems which are representations of a womans revenge and fury that takes place when angered by a male. It is a guide to what havoc a womans wrath can cause just to get her revenge back. We also come to realise as to what length a woman can go and the malicious capacities she displays out of revenge. It shows that the actions of a man can turn the character of a woman from a calm, loving individual into that of a ferocious, almost wicked one. This is coined in a famous phrase Hell hath no fury like a woman scorned. In Carol Ann Duffys poem we see how outraged she is, as in the title of the poem she only mentions Havisham without specifying that she is Miss Havisham resenting the fact that she has been rejected by her lover. In heart breaking desperation she curses Not a day since then I havent wished him dead. Bitter resentment brought even a change in her life as the verse clearly shows: Whole days in bed cawing She degrades herself to the state of an animal, even a lonely one because she came unsocial. Due to his actions, she stereotypes every male and distrusts them as shown in the phrase Give me a male corpse for a long slow honeymoon. Similarly, in Robert Brownings poem we see a woman regretting having trusted a male; however she is more outraged by the fact that the husband has betrayed her, so she curses and plans to murder her rival. She seems desperate to get her revenge back, but also enjoy the time it takes to plan her murder. Both poems portray the phrase, Hell hath no fury like a woman scorned which means that even hell does not have the fury or rage to match a woman who has been deceived. This phrase was commonly used when women started to have equal rights as men. Although these poems carry similar meaning, revenge is expressed in different ways. In Carol Ann Duffys poem Havisham we see that the victim shows great signs of rejection, although she feels that she is powerless to do anything. She is constantly aware of her situation and curses her lover for his actions. Havisham seems very passive and pathetic, while the person in Robert Brownings poem seems much more aggressive, responsive and strong to her situation. Havisham is so mentally unstable that she is only able to hope evil things will happen to him, reminiscent of a kid who is powerless to do anything when opposed by someone bigger than them. The woman in Robert Brownings poem is possibly trying to reclaim back some power by planning to actually use physical force on the target. We can also derive from these facts that the two women differ in ages. Havisham is obviously the older woman as she describes herself in the sentence ropes on the back of my hands, which may mean that her skin is fragile such as that of an old person or from so much tensing and being angry. Her old age could also explain why she has such a passive personality. We see that she is very frustrated as she uses inappropriate language in the oxymoronic phrase Beloved sweetheart bastard. This shows more resentment and hatred to the husband. While in Robert Brownings poem we see that the woman is very aware of her beauty and she says Shes not little, no minion like me! This may suggest that her rival is larger, therefore unattractive. Since we know that she is younger and more energetic, it could be why she is deciding to use physical force. These two women feel pretty much the same about the men who disturbed them however, we see that in Havisham the woman detests all males, whilst in Robert Brownings poem we see that the woman wants another chance with the husband as she says on the last line Ere I know it next moment I dance at the Kings. Both women have very low self esteem as they cannot take it that they have been left and the man has departed. They cannot accept their own fate and this has made them very weak and they cannot keep control of their own lives. The woman in The Laboratory resents her rival who has attracted her husband. She feels that removing her rival would make things better and also she thinks that she will have her husband back as shown in the phrase next moment I dance at the Kings. In Havisham the lady bear a grudge to the man who has left her on the wedding her and she is astounded to be Spinster. In the phrase her, myself she is does not even recognise who she is and clearly does not want to be in such position. She clearly wants to cause damage but because of the circumstance she does not even bother as in the sentence till I suddenly bite awake and Bang. Both of these women are mentally unstable. In Havisham, we see that she has lost the power of speech. Since she has no-one to talk to she often makes animal noises as she believes that she has been rejected like an animal. This is in the phrase cawing Nooooo at the wall and Puce curses that are sounds not words., this also shows us that animals caw and make noises so we can derive that she is already mentally stable in behaving the ways she is. She has remained in her wedding dress since the day she was supposed to get married, this suggest that she will do anything to get married and cannot carry on without getting married. In Robert Brownings poem, we see that the lady is deranged as she imagines very evil thoughts towards her rivals Pauline and Elise. She has a certain pleasure watching the apothecary which is very unusual and suggests that she is missing pleasure from being with her husband. Both women are sexually frustrated at the fact that they have been left for someone else and they considered themselves degraded. In these poems a lot of gothic literature is used throughout to emphasize on the severity and longing of a male partner. It explores madness and isolation and is set in very old houses which fit the scene of horror and evil. The poem contains many supernatural and decay in them and vivid description of death and mysterious things. Both women act in an uncivilised manner such as the phrase the dress yellowing which could mean that she does not change them and urinates in them. This also makes her seem like an animal. In The Laboratory we see that the woman goes to a secret dark place to an alchemist for making her poison. This is all associated with gothic literature. Both poems carry very similar meanings and are expressed in different ways and the supposed audience is for people who treat women as possessions and does not recognise them as a favour. Both women have reacted in very different manners but carry a same important meaning. It reinforces the fact that women may cause ultimate harm if provoked and make men more aware of them. The women are similar because they have experience the same thing, they are just reacting in different ways to each other. Which way is more efficient is another question.

The Knowledge of Good and Evil Essay -- Essays Papers

The Knowledge of Good and Evil The quest for knowledge and learning has been occuring since the creation of mankind. Ever since the serpent in the Garden of Eden tempted Eve to eat the forbidden apple from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil, promising she would wise as the gods, man has been battling with this endless pursuit. Some men want wisdom so that they may be able to live a good and righteous life. Other men want only the power that knowledge can bring them, to use it for their own sinful purposes. Literature tells the history of two very different men who had this desire for wisdom; King Solomon in the Old Testament, remembered for his wisdom and uprightness; and the legendary Doctor Faustus, known for his sinful pact with the devil. While driven by opposing forces, both men wanted to be exceedingly wise, and each had an encounter with a remarkable woman because of it. The bible recounts the story of the great King Solomon, the son of the notable King David. By following God and his commandments, David had built his empire into a legacy, which was then passed on to Solomon. Soon after Solomon’s reign began, the Lord appeared to him in a dream, offering him anything he desired. Solomon’s request was wisdom and knowledge, so that he may govern his people fairly, and know the difference between good and the bad. Therefore, God granted Solomon wisdom, that of which no one before or since has had in such abundance. And because Solomon chose wisdom, showing concern for his people, God decided to reward him with not only knowledge, but with riches and honor to set him apart from all other kings in history. Solomon then used his riches to build an official house for the lord, to show his love and reverence for God Almighty. Solomon’s reputation quickly spread, reaching the Queen of Sheba. Intrigued, she visited him, bringing rich gifts with her: spices, gold, precious stones. The queen was very smart herself, almost an equal in money and riches to Solomon. Upon meeting Solomon though, the queen was immediately impressed by his wisdom. She soon converted to his religion, swearing that his God must indeed be the greatest. Solomon’s righteousness and virtue are the antithesis of Doctor Faustus, the title character of Christopher Marlowe’s play, â€Å"The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus.† In this story, we see a man with n... ...all too human desire for pleasurable things. Had it not been for the enticement of having Helen in his bed, Faustus may have repented, and turned from his deal with the devil. But because he let his baser desires rule him, Faustus promised to do whatever necessary for the devil, just so that he may have Helen of Troy as his â€Å"paramour.† This carnal desire sealed Faustus’ fate, and in the end, he is taken away to hell by fiends. Obviously, the desire for knowledge and the power that comes with it can be either a wonderful blessing or a damning curse. Solomon is an instance of how knowledge and power can be used for good. When encountering a beautiful, exotic woman, Solomon kept a level head and impressed her with his supreme brilliance and power. Solomon didn’t let his lusty desires rule his life; he let God hold the reins. On the other hand, there is Doctor Faustus, whose arrogance and sinfulness led to his own downfall. At a point when he was considering turning away from the devil, Faustus lets the promise of fleshly pleasures with a beautiful woman steer him back to the devil. Although he was granted unlimited knowledge, Faustus clearly didn’t learn anything.

My Views and Observations on China Essay

The class trip to China was very enlightening, and I learnt many interesting things about International businesses and relations in China during my visit. Some of these surprised me, as they were issues that I hadn’t really considered before my visit. When I left for China, I knew that the Chinese market was one of the fastest growing economies in the world along with India, but I had no idea that it would be so difficult for International companies to get involved in doing business in China. This is something that I only learnt during my trip. However, despite the delays and possible problems that an International Company may have to face, I was still very impressed with the country and I believe that the potential for growth would still outweigh the issues involved. Therefore I would be very interested in doing business in China, and in fact, I have already started looking into doing just that. The first thing that stood out the most in every talk and site visit we made, was just how much the Chinese Government influences businesses in Mainland China. As a communist government, they are very influential, and have a say in almost every business practice that goes on, so much so that the economy is directly related to the government. Dr. Jian Yuan and Dr. Sun were both very outspoken on this matter during their presentations. They both mentioned that this much influence by the government could be the source of problems like labor laws, policy problems and an unfair distribution of wealth. Labor Laws in China are very strict and it is difficult to lay people off. However, the cheap cost of labor in China could also be seen as an advantage for foreigners, who can therefore lower their production costs much more than if they were using labor from their own country. These low labor costs are a direct result of the huge population and the sheer numbers on available unskilled workers. Another problem that can affect foreign businesses due to the influence of the government is that, as a communist government, they have complete control of information sources. This means they control not only the media, but also the internet, and companies are unable to do business via websites etc. However, this is only a problem for some businesses, and your chosen business would have to take this into account before you made your decision. In Hong Kong however, there is complete transparency and therefore this is no longer a problem if you decide to work there. Dr. Sun said that he realized that the government was omnipresent and that Nationalism is the key to understanding the Chinese mentality, but hopes that in the future there will be a change to a multi party system as there is in Taiwan. He also said that since 1979 there have been radical changes in China, and that it is getting better every day. Chinese people have also started to look toward the government to change its policies, and therefore I think that if you are able to get started in China, despite the current problems, you may be able to expand in the future if the changes continue the way they have been going and China becomes a more free country. Currently, it is quite difficult for an international company to become involved in the Chinese economy. From my interview with Mr. Jonathan Siboni, the CEO of DEAL (Developing Euro-Asian Links), I learned that there are only three ways that foreigners can set up a company in China. The first being that you only set up a representative office in China, and do not actually do any business such as retail in China. The second possibility has only been available since 2006, and that is to set up a WOFE (Wholly Owned Foreign Enterprise). This is advantageous for foreigners, but there are limitations set by the government. The final possibility is to set up a Joint-Venture, which is when a foreign company and a Chinese company join together to set up a company and then split the profits between themselves. In some sectors, this is still the only form of company that foreigners can set up, and in my opinion it is the best option. The principle of Guanxi, or relations, was discussed often by many speakers. This is the theory that it is vitally important to form good relations with other people in order to be successful at business in China. Another topic that was often discussed, was that the culture is very important to the Chinese and that you would have to fully understand it if you ever wanted to succeed in the Chinese Market. By forming a join-venture with a pre-existing company, Chinese members of the joint-venture would be available to explain the cultural intricacies that are vital to the business, and they would also already have formed many valuable guanxi (relations), that would help your company immensely. The Chinese people themselves were another factor that influenced my decision to do business in China. The huge population is larger than that on America and the EU combined and this means there are a high number of unskilled laborers out there that are looking for jobs and training. They are very hard working people and they take pride in their work and want to do a good job. At the shoe and textile factories, we saw that the average working hours were from 8am to 8pm, and all this hard work would definitely increase production. The visit to Ground Floor Engineering also showed that they are also very fast workers, which would also positively influence production. The huge population also means that there is the possibility of an enormous target market and a huge demand for your product. The Wal Mart that we visited, catered for a market of 7 million people per week, and because of this, had sales figures in 2006 of US $ 747 Billion. This large number of consumers is a definite draw card for anyone wishing to invest in China. There are also problems with the people. One of which is the huge language barrier, as only a very small population understands English, or any language other than Mandarin, and even fewer are able to read it. This could be another area, where having a Chinese business partner who understands the language would be very helpful. However, with training and careful selection of workers, this is not enough of a problem to put me off doing business in China. If you were doing business in Hong Kong, it also becomes less of a problem, as people here are more highly skilled and many are fluent in English as a second language. This is in part due to the fact the Hong Kong used to be a British Colony. Question 2: The Chinese Culture is very different from any other culture that I have ever experienced before, and although I did notice a few similarities with my home country of Morocco, I mainly realized just how different the cultures of both America and Morocco are to that of China. This was something that I had not been expecting to such a large degree. Firstly, I noticed that the Chinese people are very proud of themselves, their country and their history, and this influences not only everything that they do, but also their relations with foreigners. They are also very sensitive to the actions of others and easily offended by small things that you wouldn’t have thought they would be. For example, when sharing a meal with a Chinese person, it is considered polite to always leave something on your plate uneaten, as this indicates to them that you have eaten enough. If you eat all the food that you have been served, they take it to mean that you are still hungry, and this could be insulting to them. This is in direct contrast to all other countries I have been in, where it is considered polite to eat all that you have been served. They also never forget their history, and still think about being defeated by the European Countries and by Japan. This may affect the way that they deal with people from other countries and culture. Another thing that I noticed is that structure and hierarchy is very important to the Chinese. The CEO of Days Inn told us that in a company or business, everyone knows exactly who is ranked above them in the business hierarchy, and insubordination is not tolerated. In meetings, it is polite and expected that people enter the boardroom in order of Hierarchy, with the most senior and important people entering fist. Seats at the table are also according to hierarchy, with the boss or host sitting in the middle of the table, facing the door. This is very different from American culture, where they try to promote a sense of equality and camaraderie between members of the company. For instance, while you know who you report to and who you are supposed to being taking direction from, there is a sense that you are both equally important to the company and that you would be able to speak freely and openly with your boss. The importance of Gianxi (relations) in China was surprising to me. In all countries, it is important to have good working relations with those around you and with your suppliers and clients, but in China, it is impossible to do business without them. The CEO of Days Inn told us that he needed 50 licenses from the government in order to start the hotel, and that if he didn’t have good Gianxi relationships with influential people, this process would have taken much longer, and may never have gotten through. This seems to follow the old saying â€Å"It’s not what you know, It’s who you know† whereby in American culture, people believe that it’s more important that you are good at your job, and if you are it shouldn’t matter who you know, or what important contacts you have. Rather, there should be equality and you should succeed because of your skill. The idea of â€Å"Face,† or Mianzi, being important to a business or individual was also very new to me. The CEO of Days Inn told us that giving face is a mark of personal pride and is the basis of an individual’s reputation and social status. Losing face is very embarrassing and it is vital not to lose face in the business world if you want to succeed. A public insult or chastisement is a way of losing face, and even something as small as contradicting someone in front of someone else, or declining an invitation on a weak pretext can lead to a loss of face. This idea goes hand in hand with the idea of Gianxi, as a person who has lost face and has a bad reputation, would have a very hard time forming relationships with people that could help there business. Another cultural difference between the East and West is that Westerners are much more straight forward and frank with you, whilst the Chinese are much more conservative and it is difficult to know what they are really thinking. A Chinese person will never tell you â€Å"No† as they think it is rude, and this makes it very difficult to determine whether someone you are working with really agrees with you or just doesn’t want to offend you. Saying â€Å"No† to someone can lead to a loss of Mianzi (face) and therefore someone will often say â€Å"inconvenient† or â€Å"difficult† rather than saying â€Å"No. † This is very different from the West, where people are told to say what they think. Another aspect of Chinese culture is that they hate confrontation, and will generally go out of their way to avoid it, even just in a business setting. They also dislike doing business with strangers and formal introductions are necessary before they will do business with you. This is again where Gianxi become necessary, and is very different from American culture, where they will do business with anyone, as long as it will benefit their companies. At the silk market, evening market and ladies market, I was surprised to find a similarity in culture between China and my home country of Morocco. In both countries, bargaining is an important part of the culture. It is a tradition, and people enjoy it and are not really happy to shop without it. They like to feel that they are working to get the best price, and take it as a sign that they are using their skills to get the best price. It is almost like a game to them, and if someone doesn’t bargain, they get disappointed. This is the same in Morocco, where markets or â€Å"souks† are a place where people come together to shop and bargain for good deals. The biggest difference in the cultures between China and other countries that I noticed was when we went on a visit to a local village. Here, the people were mostly isolated, and had little to no contact with the outside world, and very little knowledge of westerners. They were also poorly educated, and had mainly spent the majority of their lives living in the Village, involved in local farming. They were very poor and sometimes only had gas and water twice a week. They also ate and behaved very differently from the more civilized and educated people in Beijing. When we arrived, they looked at us like they had never seen people like us, and wanted to touch and feel us to see what the differences there were between us and them. The visit to the village also brought into light the class issue that is part of the Chinese Culture, and how people are treated differently according to level of education, class and their jobs (Master/Servant relationships). They don’t seem to think that there is anything wrong with differentiating between people in this way, and see rural people as being below city people. This is different from the West, where people try to think in terms of equality and equal opportunities no matter your race, station in life, gender or class.

Identity Defined Through Happiness

Happiness defined results from the possession of or attainment of what one considers good. It does not come from a set of circumstances that have occurred in our lives; instead it results from a set of attitudes and emotions that we feel. In today's world, how many of us can actually admit to having found true happiness? Not many. In George Saunder's book, â€Å"Civil War Land in Bad Decline,† specifically his story, â€Å"Bounty,† two groups of individuals, the Normals and the Flaweds, struggle in the pursuit for happiness. In their effort to achieving this, their personal identity is greatly compromised and therefore defined by their income or economical class. Satisfaction/happiness today, seems like a never-ending journey filled with false motivations to achieving it, such as freedom, money, love, or materialistic needs, and justified by futile hope and the degrading of others. As a result, we forget what we truly want and what truly makes us happy, and redefine our identities through what we think will make us happy. Hope is often futile when searching for happiness because we constantly expect more and want more therefore forgetting what truly makes us satisfied. The one and only thing that the Flaweds used as motivation for their struggles was hope. Saunders describes this hope when the father throws his children over the castle wall in hope for a better life for them. He states, â€Å"He threw us over to save us from death. He believed in people. He believed in the people on the other side of the wall† (p. 137). Because the father â€Å"believed in the people† his children ended up searching for happiness in all the wrong places and degraded themselves in order to survive. They were better off starving to death than living a life of slavery and humiliation. In this example, the father forgot that family was more important; even if it meant watching your children starve. Another source of justification used by us when searching for happiness is the technique of putting others down. The Normals had no other choice but to use the Flaweds as a means of achieving satisfaction. Such cruel treatment is portrayed to us by a slave buyer who states, â€Å"This regimen of daytime beatings and lonely nights will continue until such time as there is nothing remaining of you free will†¦ I will sell you and others of your ilk at tremendous markup† (p. 155-156). The slave buyer's position in society justifies to him that it is okay to give daily beatings to others in order to use them for your benefit which was the money and eventually in impressing a woman named Carlotta. Therefore, the slave buyer's false justification compromised his actions and redefined what happiness should be. What we assume will bring us happiness defines who we are. What the Normals thought would bring them satisfaction greatly varied from what the Flaweds described as happiness thus validating the great gap in such classes. The Flaweds wanted to escape their slavery; therefore happiness to them was freedom, which in their world could only be attained if one was a Normal. Saunders reveals Connie's struggle for happiness when he states, .. She fell for a Client, the Normal son of a transportation mogul†¦ then while touring with his parents, he saw her hunched over†¦ and that was that†¦ Connie's flaw is a slight, very slight, vestigial tail†¦ she went through a bad depression and tried to sand it off†¦ When she came out she was humiliated and refused to speak† (p. 96-97). To Connie, happiness meant falling in love with a Normal and being considered a Normal, and because she failed in doing so, she tried cutting her flaw off and ended up depressed and humiliated. What made her happy defined who she was, a person who couldn't appreciate or wear her flaw proudly. The Normals, however, defined their happiness in several different ways because they had the option available for them in doing so. To some Normals, happiness came from money, to some from love, and to a lot of others, materialistic matters. A perfect example of happiness through materialistic needs is the Normal family who make a living out of potatoes. The husband states, â€Å"If you want something nice, you've got to get it for yourself. I want a generator for my family. Lights at night. A fan in the summer. And I'm getting them! † (p. 133). The guy had nine kids and a wife and just kept himself busy and working to find his happiness in buying those things. The parents fail to take care of their children and value their family and put all that aside to buy nice things for themselves. Here, their identity is compromised and based on their materialistic needs. Happiness today is described by society as having a great job a nice car and an amazing wardrobe. However we fail to realize that this is not true happiness. The more we have does not equal the more happiness. At the end of â€Å"Bounty,† after Cole finds his sister and makes sure that she is okay, he continues to find something else to do in keeping him busy by joining the rebel group at the end. This is the scary truth that we face in our daily lives. We need to go to college, find a career that will grant us great money, and settle down. At the end we call this happiness. The more we have going for us in our lives, the more content we are. Think about plastic surgery. After fixing one flaw, we discover another, and until we fix all of them, we end up feeling â€Å"happy. † We fail to hold on to what is more important, such as health, family, and security, and cling to what society portrays to us should be happiness. In â€Å"Bounty,† Cole fails to realize from the very start that he was better off in Bountyland with his daily meals and sense of security. We must redefine what happiness is and by doing this, we create a new and better identity for ourselves.

Judy Chicago Essay

Judy Chicago Essay Judy Chicago Essay Contemporary artist Judy Chicago is a historical fact checker. She has always been aware that the history of men, also termed world history, has viciously omitted acknowledgements of women’s paramount contributions. Beginning in the late 1960’s, her inquiry into the margins of history where women’s lives remain is a result of her desire to expose the truth of women’s shrouded experience, past and present. Women, for the most part, have been written out of history and the canon of art history. Their accomplishments, personalities, heroic stories, creative expressions, and struggles have been rendered irrelevant and secondary compared to the androcentric point of view that history, culture, and society has succumbed to. Through an art practice that is informed by these injustices, Chicago has created works and a paralleling iconography that serve to express women’s essence, experience, and aesthetics, as well as the burgeoning goals of Feminism in the 1970’s. This paper will discuss how sexual inequality had affected Judy’s life, view of value and her style of artworks by looking at historical and cultural background also other female artists at the time. Judy Chicago was born Judy Cohen in 1939 to two hardworking, non-practicing Jewish parents. Her father, a union organizer, cultivated a sense of assured intelligence in his daughter so that she could learn the art of articulating her beliefs and opinions. Her mother, a lover of the arts, encouraged Chicago’s interest in art-making and art history. In Chicago’s autobiography Beyond the Flower (1996) she reflects upon her active pursuit of opportunities for artistic involvement. During the span of her childhood, Chicago continuously took art classes at the Art Institute of Chicago. She recalls wandering through the art museum and marveling at the renowned and innovative works in the collection. She had a sharp eye for underlying structure and was able to engage with the paintings aesthetically. She notes, â€Å"As observant as I was, however, the one thing that I totally failed to notice was that nearly all of the art at the museum was by men. But even if I had noticed, I doubt that I would have been at all deterred from my own aspirations [to be an artist]† (Chicago 2). The predominating position that male artist hold not only within the museum but also within history would become a point of reference for Chicago later in her career. She relocated to Southern California and received B.A. in fine arts and humanities 1962 and MA in painting and sculpture in 1964 at UCLA (Chicago 5). During this time, she was creating art that was characterized by personally relevant subject matter and an expressive, metaphorical use of bodily forms. Paintings such as Mother Superette (fig.1, 1963) and Bigamy (fig.2, 1963) display organic forms relevant to her as a woman barely shadowed under the guise of abstraction. When confronted with th e negative critique of creating â€Å"woman’s art† Chicago withdrew from personal/sexual â€Å"feminine† expressions and focused on the industrial sculpture. Artists such as Larry Bell led interest in formalism, minimalism, and works that were devoid of emotional content. Driven to be successful within this predominant style, Chicago enrolled into auto body school to learn how to spray paint, attended boat-building school to learn how to mold fiberglass, and apprenticed as a pyrotechnician to make firework displays. To further remove herself from the negative identification of a woman attempting to be an artist, Chicago felt pressured to convince the contemporary male artists working around her that she was serious and therefore unfeminine. Despite all of her efforts, she was continuously told that women couldn’t be artists and the respectable art that she created was given value based on how much it looked as if a man had made it. Chicago’s intern alization of these criticisms created an awareness that would influence the future of her career: that her experience as

Essay on asylum seekers

Essay on asylum seekers Essay on asylum seekers In today’s society we are safe; we can go outside and not have any worries about our safety. In Australia we have the freedom of speech; we have the right to elect our Prime Ministers. And we are very fortunate that we live in Australia and yet we all seem to take it for granted, is that because we are naive or just stupid? We Australians are a multicultural, we have different types of races in different suburbs in different cities, and yet we act like we all share the same views and values. Let me tell you a story. A family from Afghanistan ran a secret school for Children both male and female, which is illegal in Afghanistan for females to have the right of an education. They we found out and the parents of this family were sentenced to execution, they ran, tried to buy passage with what little money they had, and not all of them made it, their daughters being taken raped and murdered. There whole family were seeking asylum, and yet they had to go through all that hard ache, we a Great nation need to step up our effects in helping those that need it most, Asylum Seekers. Asylum Seekers have such a bad name in today’s society, strange that. In the early 18 hundreds didn’t English people travel vast oceans on boats to seek refuge in Australia? Hmmm. Strange that 200 years later people from across the globe, are doing the same thing BUT we are locking them up in refugee camps. Isn’t there something wrong about that? The Aboriginals, natives of Australian never locked up the English Settlers or even the convicts, they might have had their ups and downs but they never imprisoned over 2000 people. The term "human rights" refers to the basic freedoms and protections that all people are entitled to, simply for being human. Today, Australia faces the challenge of Asylum seekers, many of whom which have currently been denied their basic human rights. The government’s policy of creating Immigration Detention Facilities as a way of detaining unauthorised asylum seekers may be a solution the problem of controlling Australia’s borders, however, violates the human rights of this group in Australia.. Many people seek refuge in Australia to escape the terrors of their past lives back home. Due to Australia’s strict visa policy, many asylum seekers arrive in Australia by boat because they are denied other means of entry, such as the closing down of other possibilities for legal travel. This has led to an increase in the number of asylum-seeker boats coming to Australia over the past year, with the number of people held in immigration detention reaching record highs. The policy was put in place to act as a deterrent to future undocumented arrivals, which clearly has not been working as in the past year, the number of people held in detention centres increased to 12 967. Immigration detention centres differ little from prisons, with conditions such as no psychiatrists, community and support groups allowed no access, lack of interpreters and extreme isolation. This can lead to long term effects on already traumatised people, not to mention the substantial economic costs involved. In Australia, public debate about asylum seekers and refugees right has been distorted by myths and misconceptions. Current government policy is shaped by around border

Worksheet for Chebyshevs Inequality

Worksheet for Chebyshev's Inequality Chebyshev’s inequality says that at least 1 -1/K2 of data from a sample must fall within K standard deviations from the mean, where ​​K is any positive real number greater than one. This means that we don’t need to know the shape of the distribution of our data. With only the mean and standard deviation, we can determine the amount of data a certain number of standard deviations from the mean. The following are some problems to practice using the inequality. Example #1 A class of second graders has a mean height of five feet with a standard deviation of one inch. At least what percent of the class must be between 4’10† and 5’2†?​​ Solution The heights that are given in the range above are within two standard deviations from the mean height of five feet. Chebyshev’s inequality says that at least 1 – 1/22 3/4 75% of the class is in the given height range. Example #2 Computers from a particular company are found to last on average for three years without any hardware malfunction, with a standard deviation of two months. At least what percent of the computers last between 31 months and 41 months? Solution The mean lifetime of three years corresponds to 36 months. The times of 31 months to 41 months are each 5/2 2.5 standard deviations from the mean. By Chebyshev’s inequality, at least 1 – 1/(2.5)62 84% of the computers last from 31 months to 41 months. Example #3 Bacteria in a culture live for an average time of three hours with a standard deviation of 10 minutes. At least what fraction of the bacteria live between two and four hours? Solution Two and four hours are each one hour away from the mean. One hour corresponds to six standard deviations. So at least 1 – 1/62 35/36 97% of the bacteria live between two and four hours. Example #4 What is the smallest number of standard deviations from the mean that we must go if we want to ensure that we have at least 50% of the data of a distribution? Solution Here we use Chebyshev’s inequality and work backward. We want 50% 0.50 1/2 1 – 1/K2. The goal is to use algebra to solve for K. We see that 1/2 1/K2. Cross multiply and see that 2 K2. We take the square root of both sides, and since K is a number of standard deviations, we ignore the negative solution to the equation. This shows that K is equal to the square root of two. So at least 50% of the data is within approximately 1.4 standard deviations from the mean. Example #5 Bus route #25 takes a mean time of 50 minutes with a standard deviation of 2 minutes. A promotional poster for this bus system states that â€Å"95% of the time bus route #25 lasts from ____ to _____ minutes.† What numbers would you fill in the blanks with? Solution This question is similar to the last one in that we need to solve for K, the number of standard deviations from the mean. Start by setting 95% 0.95 1 – 1/K2. This shows that 1 - 0.95 1/K2. Simplify to see that 1/0.05 20 K2. So K 4.47. Now express this in the terms above. At least 95% of all rides are 4.47 standard deviations from the mean time of 50 minutes. Multiply 4.47 by the standard deviation of 2 to end up with nine minutes. So 95% of the time, bus route #25 takes between 41 and 59 minutes.

Boss Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Boss - Personal Statement Example Although management and leadership are not utterly different, the two concepts may not be the same either. There are many ways in which management differs from leadership, especially when looking at the differences from leadership skills and management skills. Leadership emphasizes more on vision of the project than implementation. On the contrary, management entirely focuses on implementation and vision is second guessed. Further, leadership takes a keen interest in situation dynamics; these dynamics provides the leadership with hints on the right action to take. Leadership makes attempts that alter the culture in order to attain the best results that benefit the majority. On the contrary, management focuses on techniques and it does not advocate for changes. Rather, management strives to maintain the status quo and order in an organization, as well adapt to the traditions. Furthermore, leadership focuses on risk taking and positive possibilities while management worries so much of the negative consequences, which might result from an action. Finally, leadership aims to rebuild and reshape an organization to ensure that the organization moves towards the vision and objectives. It does this through the employment of persuasion skills, as well as possibility ideas. These actions do not take any consideration of the position of the organization. On the other hand, management focuses on achieving the prescribed organization and it adopts attitudes and behavior according to position or level. Management does not disclose information and knowledge to workers; they fear that their own position might be compromised by information leakage. There are many characteristics of good leaders, which can take time and space to discuss. However, the scope of this paper does not allow me to discuss the entire characteristics that good leaders should have. Therefore, I will discuss a few key qualities, which describes a good leader. Good leaders are

Business Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Report - Essay Example The organization, through the new initiative, has a lot of potential and could very well be on its way to cashing in on the demand of the market and could ideally lead its industry in no time. Unfortunately, Tedallal is still experiencing difficulty primarily because its strategy is not aligned with the organizational objectives. This issue has been identified using different assessment models such as Hayes & Weelright's four-stage model, service positioning matrix (SPM), as well as concepts such as ServQual, the service profit chain, service blueprinting and the lean service concept. These frameworks revealed that there are several mismatches and incoherent elements in Tedallal’s overall business approach that compromise several features of its new operational model. This came about through several factors, including a comprehensive offering of customer values that taxed the organizational capability and resources; half-baked strategy that failed to address the achievement an d maintenance of quality in products and services; and, the failure to meet market demands. These variables, collectively, put the company in a more dangerous ground, that when left unaddressed could ultimately lead the organization to its eventual demise. The key issues identified in this report that are needed to be addressed are as follows: 1. Although the organization adopts the four essential competitive priorities in its strategy as a service company, it fails to implement them each in their own respective areas as well as in a collective model that could coherently achieve the organizational objectives; 2. Tedallal lacks the organizational culture that could enable the company to attain its objective of putting emphasis on people and service. This aspect is particularly important, since Tedallal’s new strategy requires a high degree of organizational change that can only be achieved by changing people, perspectives and attitudes. 3. The strategy to utilize low-cost res ources and failure to invest on its people took its toll on the organization's ability to meet the demands and expectations of the customers, respond to the changes and requirements of the complex products and values it started to offer after the strategy overhaul. As this report would establish, there is a need for restraint and sober strategy building in regards to how competitive advantage is to be approached and achieved. What this means is that decision-makers within the company should decide which aspect they want to focus on, then perfect it, excel on it, and gradually build a lasting and memorable relationship with its customers. This should lead Tedellal to modify its current strategy from the existing knee-jerk or reactive approach into a long-term, coherent and unique model tailored according to its core objectives, organizational strengths and capabilities. This report has outlined several models that could guide Tedallal in effectively aligning strategy and objectives, in every step and in every aspect – from the evaluation up to the measurement of strategy according to the corporate objectives. These information are contained in a logically structured discourse of three important aspects of the organization and its strategy: Operations strategy, activity and performance; Service delivery

International Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

International Business - Assignment Example The World Trade Organization (WTO) is a post-war establishment, which was primarily set up as an attempt to liberalize world trade. Prior to this, trade settlements were conducted by International Trade Organization (ITO) and then by GATT. The end of Uruguay Round in 1994 led to establishment of WTO and this was a major departure from GATT on two main grounds. The first was inclusion of better dispute settlement measure in order to promote international cooperation and the second was inclusion of agriculture and services in the agreements to mainly promote progress of the developing countries. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of WTO in promoting economic development among nations. The system operates in the gamut of multilateral trade agreements to contribute to economic development and employment for all its member nations. The organization has its headquarters in Geneva with 159 member countries. China was one of the last countries to have joined WTO, which had significant impacts on the entire global trade (Faizel, 2005). One of the primary focus of WTO since its inception has been the promotion of free and fair trade through multilateral negotiations. The WTO involves all its member countries in the decision making process to ensure that outcomes from the agreements are fair for all. The economic rationale behind this idea is that international trade has a major role in alleviation of poverty. The WTO has realized that least-developed countries are the most vulnerable ones and therefore, commits to increase their participation in the multilateral trading system, thereby assigning equal importance to these countries (Klug, 2006). The task undertaken by WTO is a very complex one because its member countries have different political, legal and economical status. This means that developed countries are in a better position

Modern History - Nazi ideology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Modern History - Nazi ideology - Assignment Example Six weeks after Hitler was appointed Chancellor on March 18, 1933 the Nazi Minister of propaganda spoke to the German women. His speech set out the expected image of women and proper duties that were to be carried out by them. It is apparent that Goebbels made a strong statement when he said that women are not significant in terms of history and the things they do have no effect on society. He was of the view that the only thing that women do in history is to raise men who create it. This view was the same for the Nazi Party about women and their roles in society. Goebbels explained the idea of defining women only as a mother was because of the respect, and that is why Nazis kept them out of the political sphere (Ascheld, 2010). The women supported the party and the leaders even with the strong idea about women. It is evident as many women became party members. Also, through various avenues of propaganda, Nazi officials were able to convince women that their place in society lay in the private sphere. The act of placing enough of a priority for women as mothers to the nation, Nazism gained strength and grew across Germany. Teaching Nazism to the youth was one of the main Nazi ideologies hence it was essential to gain support of mothers and young women in the country. Pamphlets and propaganda posters were distributed to preach the values of Nazism for women and their need to raise strong â€Å"Aryan† children (Ascheld, 2010). The difference between the private and the public sphere during the Third Reich is a key concept when talking about the image of the German woman. In the public sphere of the Nazis party, women were not expected to have a role in the Reichstag or hold any other political office. It was also evident that women would not work as doctors or lawyers. Nazi officials emphasized that women were to take care of their husbands and children. Hitler in his speech of 1934 Party Day he said that the man’s worlds were the sate while the woman was

E-Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

E-Business - Assignment Example Moreover, we have developed a Blog on the same lines with the website. The report presents the development process of the Cafe Cuisine website, accompanying Blog, the models employed for designing the website and the business strategy utilized for the website. Analysis In the analysis phase of the website development process, we have analyzed the requirements of the website and differentiate these requirements into the functional and non-functional requirements. We analyzed on how the website would help to achieve the organizational objectives by assessing already developed food / restaurant websites. One of the important items is to identify the targeted audiences of the website along with the development of the web contents. Moreover, in the analysis phase of the web development process, we have analysed the software development tools required to develop the website. After thorough assessment the following non-functional requirements of the website have been identified which we hav e accommodated in the developed website (Vandeuren, 2012): The food website should be conformed the guidelines provided by the World Wide Web (W3) Consortium. The website should be developed and comply with the Hypertext Mark-up Language (HTML) version 5.0 Compatibility of the website must be ensured with all the major web browsers include: Firefox, Google Chrome, Netscape, Internet Explorer, and Opera. The web pages of the restaurant website can be viewed fully at 125 % zooming in all the major web browsers. The web pages of the restaurant website should be displayed properly on a computer having resolution set to 640 x 480 pixels. It is required that the restaurant website should be developed incorporating appropriate search engine optimization (SEO). From the typical non-functional requirements, we have concentrated on the security, regularity, data integrity, maintainability, availability, reliability, manageability, and the performance for the restaurant website. One of the cri tical non-functional requirements of the website is usability, the customers / users should be able to use the website with ease. Moreover, it is required that the dashboard design of the proposed website should be simple, easy to use and understand. The targeted audience of the website are the people used to have restaurant’s food regularly or frequently. The age of these people lies between 16 - 45 years. The audience can be professional as well as a novice web user who understands email and how to use a web browser. Moreover, the targeted audience is the people who can access the internet every day and any time. There are several tools and website development languages which are required for the development of a prototype (website). These include but are not limited to the XML, HTML, XHTML, Dreamweaver, JavaScript, CSS and Flash. In order to develop the food website, we have used Hypertext Mark up Language (HTML) version 5, Adobe Dreamweaver, JavaScript and Cascading Style Sheet (CSS). The Adobe Dreamweaver has been used to develop the user interface of the website and industry standard for designing the website. It also provides ‘What You See is What You Get’ (WYSIWYG) interface which is easy to use. Moreover, developing and editing the HTML5 as well as the cascading style sheet (CSS) is much easier by using Adobe Dreamweaver. We have used the JavaScript to validate the inputs provided by the users of

Modern History - Nazi ideology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Modern History - Nazi ideology - Assignment Example Six weeks after Hitler was appointed Chancellor on March 18, 1933 the Nazi Minister of propaganda spoke to the German women. His speech set out the expected image of women and proper duties that were to be carried out by them. It is apparent that Goebbels made a strong statement when he said that women are not significant in terms of history and the things they do have no effect on society. He was of the view that the only thing that women do in history is to raise men who create it. This view was the same for the Nazi Party about women and their roles in society. Goebbels explained the idea of defining women only as a mother was because of the respect, and that is why Nazis kept them out of the political sphere (Ascheld, 2010). The women supported the party and the leaders even with the strong idea about women. It is evident as many women became party members. Also, through various avenues of propaganda, Nazi officials were able to convince women that their place in society lay in the private sphere. The act of placing enough of a priority for women as mothers to the nation, Nazism gained strength and grew across Germany. Teaching Nazism to the youth was one of the main Nazi ideologies hence it was essential to gain support of mothers and young women in the country. Pamphlets and propaganda posters were distributed to preach the values of Nazism for women and their need to raise strong â€Å"Aryan† children (Ascheld, 2010). The difference between the private and the public sphere during the Third Reich is a key concept when talking about the image of the German woman. In the public sphere of the Nazis party, women were not expected to have a role in the Reichstag or hold any other political office. It was also evident that women would not work as doctors or lawyers. Nazi officials emphasized that women were to take care of their husbands and children. Hitler in his speech of 1934 Party Day he said that the man’s worlds were the sate while the woman was

International Portfolio Diversification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International Portfolio Diversification - Essay Example They are followed by the investment strategies pursued by three international funds. In this part, the steps that they make to highlight lucrative investment have been mentioned. Improving Returns International stocks have more chances to bring higher returns in comparison with the local stocks. Investors are considerably aware of the fact that international stocks have a wide variety of characteristics. The wide variety of characteristics is capable to increase portfolio performance by diversifying across different international markets or different industries in different countries. In this regard, investing in the foreign or international markets offers difference when compared with the investment made in domestic or national market, and this difference can be comprehended in three ways. First, barriers levied by currency controls, taxation, or investor traditions may further so divide national markets that assets are priced in a national instead of an international landscape. Sec ond, the co-variances among assets within a national market are much bigger than the co-variances among different markets. Third, exchange rates between different currencies depart from each other, exposing currency to international portfolios (Gupta & Donleavy, 2009, p. 163). ... If an investor invests 100 percent of his funds in a firm producing sunscreen lotion, he will be exposed to the risk of weather events; on rainy days there will be no sales of sunscreen lotion, but on sunny days sales will be good. If the same level of investment were divided with half in the sunscreen lotion firm and half in an umbrella manufacturing company, the investment would become immune to negative weather effects and the portfolio would generate interrupted flow of returns regardless of weather patterns. The Optimal International Portfolio Diversification brings variety in investment. The optimal international portfolio combines the same risk-free assets as before (Eiteman et al., 2010, p.438). Eiteman et al. (2010) argue that the benefits of international diversification can be comprehended on the basis of the fact that the optimal international portfolio incorporates both higher expected portfolio return and lower expected portfolio risk when compared with the purely natio nal or domestic optimal portfolio. As a result, the optimal international portfolio has been established as superior and financially lucrative as compared to the optimal domestic portfolio. Global Funds Using International Portfolio Diversification Templeton Global Bond Fund The firm uses both quantitative and qualitative analysis before investing diversified funds globally (Templeton Global Bond Fund, 2012). The firm employs both quantitative and qualitative analysis along with on-the-ground research. In order to minimize the portfolio risk and increase the chances of portfolio returns, the firm utilizes the resources of local analysts across the world to identify and highlight financially

Nervous System Research Paper Essay Example for Free

Nervous System Research Paper Essay As a result of the differences in charges, an electro-chemical difference of about -70 millivolts occurs. The sodium-potassium pump, a system which removes sodium ions from inside the cell and draws potassium ions back in, maintains the electrical balance of the resting cell. Since the cell has to do work to maintain the ion concentration, ATP molecules are used to provide the necessary energy. Once a nerve impulse is generated, the permeability of the cell membrane changes, sodium ions flow into, and potassium ions flow out of, the cell. The flow of ions causes a reversal in charges, with a positive charge now occurring on the interior of the cell and a negative charge on the exterior. The cell is said to be depolarized, resulting in an action potential causing the nerve impulse to move along the axon. As depolarization of the membrane proceeds along the nerve, a series of reactions start with the opening and closing of ion gates, which allow the potassium ions to flow back into the cell and sodium ions to move out of the cell. The nerve becomes polarized again since the charges are restored. Until a nerve becomes repolarized it cannot respond to a new stimulus; the time for recovery is called the refractory period and takes about 0. 0004 of a second. The more intense the stimulus, the more frequent the firing of the neuron. When the impulse reaches the end of the axon, it causes the release of chemicals from small vesicles called neurotransmitters which diffuse across the synaptic gap, the small space between the axon and receptors in the dendrites. There is no physical contact between axons and dendrites (except in electrical transmission, usually found in invertebrates) which takes place through gap junctions. The type of response by the receiving cell may be excitatory or inhibitory depending upon a number of factors including the type of neurotransmitters involved. All nerve impulses are the same whether they originate from the ear, heart, or stomach. How the impulse is interpreted is the job of the central nervous system. A blow to the head near the optic center of the brain produces the same results as though the impulse had originated in the eyes. The neurons are the functional units of the nervous system through which coordination and control in organisms is executed. Resources Books BSCS Revision Team. Biological Science: A Molecular Approach. Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath Co. , 1990. Campbell, Neil A. Biology. Menlo Park, CA: Benjamin/Cummings, Publishing Company, 1987. Carey, Joseph, ed. Brain Facts: A Primer on the Brain and the Nervous System. Washington, DC: Society for Neuroscience, 1993. Curtis, Helena, and N. Sue Barnes. Biology. 5th ed. New York: Worth Publishers, 1989. Holtzman, Eric, and Alex B. Novikoff. Cells and Organelles. Philadelphia: Saunders College Publishing, 1984. Kuffler, Stephen W. , and John G. Nicholls. From Neuron to Brain. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, 1976. Pine, Maya, ed. Seeing, Hearing and Smelling The World. Chevy Chase: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 1995. Purves, Dale. Body and Brain: A Trophic Theory of Neural Connections. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1988. Raven, Peter H. , and George B. Johnson. Biology. 3rd ed. St. Louis: Mosby Year Book, 1992. Towle, Albert. Modern Biology. Austin, TX: Holt, Reinhart, and Winston, 1991. KEY TERMS Action potential —A transient change in the electrical potential across a membrane which results in the generation of a nerve impulse. Axon —The threadlike projection of a neuron that carries an impulse away from the cell body of the neuron. Dendrites —Branched structures of nerve cell bodies which receive impulses from axons and carry them to the nerve cell body. Depolarization —A tendency of a cell membrane when stimulated to allow charged (ionic) chemical particles to enter or leave the cell. This favors the neutralization of excess positive or negative particles within the cell. Ganglion —Cluster of nerve cell bodies. In vertebrates, found outside of the central nervous system and act as relay stations for impulses. In invertebrates, act as a central control. Homeostasis —The internal stability of an organism. Myelin —A multilayered membrane system of a Schwann cell that wraps around an axon. Made up of lipoproteins that act as insulators in speeding up the transmission of nerve impulses. Nerve Bundles of axons in a connective tissue sheath which follow a specific path. Nerve impulse —A transient change in the electro-chemical nature of a neuron. Neuron —Cell specialized to receive and transmit impulses; functional unit of the nervous system. Neurotransmitter —A chemical released at the end of an axon which is picked up by receptors such as dendrites, muscles, or secretory cells. Polarized —Two different charges on either side of a membrane caused by a difference in the distribution of charges; in resting nerve cells maintained by the sodiumpotassium pump. Reflex —A rapid response to a stimulus that involves a sensory and motor neuron and may involve an interneuron. Refractory period —Recovery period for the neuron in which no new impulse can be generated; it cannot respond to a stimulus until it is repolarized. Sodium-potassium pump —A special transport protein in the membrane of cells that moves sodium ions out and potassium ions into the cell against their concentration gradients. Synapse —Junction between cells where the exchange of electrical or chemical information takes place.

An Introduction To Toyota Motor Corporation Marketing Essay

An Introduction To Toyota Motor Corporation Marketing Essay In 1933 company was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda. In 1934 department of Toyota industries manufactured first product the product called Type A engine and its first passenger car AA in 1936. Toyota bought some other companies also and own and operates Lexus, Scion, Daihatsu and Hino Motors and shareholdings in Fuji heavy industry, Isuzu, Yamaha, and Mitsubishi Aircraft Corporation. All these and some other in total includes around 522 subsidiaries. Toyota is headquartered in Toyota City, Aichi and in Tokyo. Instead of automobile Toyota also provides financial services through its division Toyota Financial Services and also builds robots for different industries. Toyota Motor Corporation its financial services and Toyota Industries all together form the bulk of the Toyota Group and one of the largest conglomerates in the world. Toyota is worldwide famous and well known company because of their high quality manufactured cars, Toyota is doing very well and growing very fast globally they have their operations, manufacturing facilities and valuable loyal customers all over the world. The new technology Hybird in Toyota cars gave a new pride to Toyota and the sales of Toyota going up day by day. In last few years Toyota became number one in automotive industry and became a number one in mostly selling their cars worldwide. Below chart shows the figures of manufactured cars in 2008 and the chart is showing other companies production also. In 2008 Toyota overtook GM and automotive industry announced Toyota the world biggest carmaker. But after that complains started arising and more customers stated blaming about the quality controls because of their rapid expansion. Due to the rapid expansion they recalled more than eight million cars in year 2009 the brake and accelerator defects and bearing, defending their selves against 98 lawsuits due to the deaths, injuries and damages happened to customer who were using their cars. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8626668.stm Toyota products were in high demand worldwide and they had a time when they felt they might not be able to meet the demand of customers but they were selling as normal routine and increase the production with huge volumes and increase the manufacturing speed. Contacted and started working with more suppliers for different parts which they are use to buy from different suppliers. Toyota Executives and Mr. Akio Toyoda had a strong feeling that working with new and more suppliers might give a bad impact for their quality and they might not be able to control well. They had very busy and high demand for their cars instead of finding good solution to cope this situation they didnt go for more alternatives like booking, reservation for cars instead of doing this they gave focus on rapid expansion. Rapid expansion met the demand of customers but on the other hand gradually they started receiving complains from their customers. In one period they were aware of the problem but they didnt recover it and took it easy which later returned back as a big problem for Toyota and did huge quantity recalls which cost a lot. Rapid expansion helped but put them in big problem also they lost the quality control and the spare parts purchased from different suppliers were the big problem also. They have basically three types of suppliers: Tier One Suppliers Tier Two Suppliers Tier Three Suppliers The car makers manufacturing system is known as Original Equipment Manufacturers, or OEM. After OEM system then they reply on Tier One Suppliers, Tier Two Suppliers and finally Tier Three Suppliers. Tier one supplier such as Bosch, Denso, Continental, Delphi, Valeo and Tenneco. These companies deliver big integrated system directly to the OEM. Tier two suppliers provides individual products to Tier one or directly to OEM. Tier three supplier make single products and deliver to Tier two suppliers. Due to the high demand of products the supplier did big mistakes and put Toyota in big problems. The unintended acceleration was problem happened because of the Tier Two Supplier. In Tier one supplier category they have few suppliers and they never faced any problem while working with them. But on Tier Two and Tier Three they have thousands of suppliers around the world which is quite hard for Toyota to control closely to all of them. OEM working smoothly closely with Tier One Suppliers but facing many problems with their thousands of Tier Two Suppliers and Tier Three Suppliers. These problems are increasing and they are losing market grip and the customers trust because of these kinds of inefficiencies and less quality control standards. Toyota Lean Production System Lean Production/Manufacturing Lean production is a model followed very well by Toyota which helped a lot to improve their working conditions and helped them to save time and money. The main concept behind this word lean is more outputs against less input in less time. The main sources of this less input are money, work force, working space, inventory and time. These wastes needs to be eliminated, in other words lean production means to minimize the waste and make easy, simple steps and speed up the working results. Toyota Production system called as lean manufacturing also because they introduced and worked on this concept of saving extra wastages. The system eliminates the overproduction, waste, useless transportation, inventory, motion, defective goods, over processing, waiting and implementation of the concepts like continuous flow and customer pull. The major areas which are very considerable and main causes are: Quality Delivery Safety Costs Morale Diagram showing components of Lean Production System Advantages of Lean Production Lean manufacturing helped Toyota to achieve many targets with the help of this system they achieved many benefits which helped them to save money, time and work force and many other factors also that indirectly strengthen the company and help their market share grow worldwide significantly. Within few years the lean production helped them to reduce wastages by around 80% which is very high for this type of big company, production costs were reduced by 50 percent and manufacturing cycle time decreased by around 50 percent also. Inventory reduction reduced significantly which helped them to save space for storing and work force decreased by 50 percent also. These reductions encourage them to increase facilities for employees and customers, improved the working environment. Friendly, comfortable working environment encourage employees and it helped to have higher quality and higher profits. They achieved many benefits through great system flexibility, more focus and good flow of shipping and billing frequencies. Below mentioned chart illustrates very clearly the different between the traditional manufacturing system and lean manufacturing system. Production system of 20th century was recognized as a mass production system of Toyota and lean production system is taken as 21st century production system. Toyota Production System (TPS) TPS based on 7 basic principles which really helped them to have good approach to meet the demand and in a good satisfied manner. The principles they followed tried their best to reduce setup time and to have better quality focused on small lot productions. Encourage and involved employees gave them job security and rights to involve and give full participation and their thoughts for improvements, quality increment and maintained the equipments with great new changes. Involvement of suppliers of all three types and the pull production is a part of those 7 basic TPS principles. http://www.1000ventures.com/business_guide/lean_production_main.html Toyota Supply Chain Management Supply Chain Management Any company manufacture products and at the same time buy products from different suppliers and then these products sold to their customers, this procedure called supply chain. Supply chains are simple and difficult too depends on the company size and the products produced by them. There are some elements involved in supply chain which are customer, purchasing, planning, transportation, production and inventory. Those people who manage all these procedures involved in this case known as supply chain management. To make it sure that supply chain operating are efficient and producing high level of customer satisfaction and trust at low costs, companies adopted supply chain management technology and processes. The three basic activities involved which company follows which are: Operational Tactical Strategic To make it quicker companies bought and use special technology software which helps to have quicker information between customers and suppliers. ERP, SAP and Oracle are mostly used to give and take latest updates. http://logistics.about.com/od/supplychainintroduction/a/into_scm.htm http://www.mhprofessional.com/product.php?isbn=0071615490 All major automotive companies use supply chain management and lean production system. The rapid expansion gave big impact on its supply chain, when the requirement to expand the supply chain it meant they need to work with many unfamiliar and new suppliers who was not aware and dont had deep understanding of the culture of Toyota. In 2008 Toyota used parts which were not completely controlled and the chain didnt focus that much because of the rapid expansion and high demand. http://www.economist.com/business-finance/displaystory.cfm?story_id=15576506 The company did a big mistake too highly depending on the supplier which are outside Japan, it would be better to have few suppliers and near and in approachable market where they can control easily. Toyota needs to have closer monitoring on supply base especially for tier two and tier three supplier. Due to the rapid expansion the supply chain also disturbed because of many reasons, its hard to work with new supplier suddenly and who are not aware well to our company structure and culture. http://forums.industryweek.com/showthread.php?t=14131 Success Lean production system, supply chain management and the concept of product life cycle which is well followed by Toyota helped Toyota to reach the highest level in automotive industry. Other inspirations within organization also make a big contribution like an internal blog, rewards, hold creativity and ideology sessions, give positive feedback and respond to suggestions, celebrate on success, encourage risks celebrate failures too, use of mind maps, mix up work teams, understand consumer behaviour and innovation links to Jobs. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4015831.stm http://videos.cnet.co.uk/39042972.htm Recommendations Toyota OEM is working closely to their Tier One Supplier and having good results, few suppliers come under Tier one category they have long term relations and never faced any problem regarding quality or other related issues. But Toyota has faced many issues and still facing and having problems with their Tier two suppliers and tier three suppliers. During rapid expansion they increased the quantity of suppliers and they were not aware completely about Toyota cultures and Toyota even could not check and focused that well on their supplies. They did a big mistake to reply on new and thousands of suppliers in Tier one and Tier two categories and other big mistake was they replied on those suppliers which are outside Japan. I would say it would be great if they take extra time for deliveries give more attention on lean and supply chain. Try to decrease the number of tier two and tier three suppliers try to list them and have few which are according to the Toyota standards. Give more focus on quality controls and the team must make sure there will be no space for recall after handover the vehicles to the customers. Chapter 3: Conclusion In short Toyota is doing well in the market and going at the highest level of their successes. Enjoying being number one in the automotive industry, ranks number one in highest units selling cars worldwide. Regularly struggles and keeps trying bringing innovation to their products helped them to be number one innovative company in the world. Toyota Prius Hybrid innovation gave more value to Toyota Corporation, after introducing Prius I and II finally they introduced new Prius III with many more facilities and functions for drivers to enjoy the journey and daily life on road while travelling to jobs, offices etc. Overall if you see they are doing well but from 2008 after rapid expansion and when they took over GM after that they started facing issues and complain. They are trying their best to cope and tackle this hard time, recalling all vehicles which parts are needed to exchange and working to get quality promised parts form their tier two and tier three suppliers. List of Sources Internet: Manchester Business School [Online] (Cited 24 November 2009) Available from Paggu [Online] (Cited 28 November 2009) Available from Exeter Business School [Online] (Cited 27 November 2009) Available from Yo Goy [Online] (Cited 27 November 2009) Available from Automative Industry [Online] (Cited 22 November 2009) Available from London Government Uk [Online] (Cited 2 December 2009) Available from Working Knowledge [Online] (Cited 2 December 2009) Available from MSN Autos [Online] (Cited 30 November 2009) Available from http://www.mhprofessional.com/product.php?isbn=0071615490> All Hybrid Cars [Online] (Cited 27 November 2009) Available from BBC News [Online] (Cited 26 November 2009) Available from CNET [Online] (Cited 27 November 2009) Available from Toyota [Online] (Cited 29 November 2009) Available from http://blogs.hbr.org/cs/2010/03/dont_believe_everything_you_re.html?cm_mmc=npv-_-DAILY_ALERT-_-AWEBER-_-DATE Literature: E Ghaziri, H.M (2003) Knowledge Mangement (5th Edition). Prentice Hall Harvard Business Review on Innovation. Harvard Business School Press Joe Tidd and John Bessant, (2009) Managing Innovation: Integrating Technological,(4th Edition) Market and Organizational Change by Paperback April 2009. Semsar, E. (2009),Strategic Innovation Marketing 21 January 2009, London Chris Freeman Luc Soete (2005), The Economics of Industrial Innovation Chapter 8, page 197 to 204.

The Death Penalty Essay -- essays research papers fc

Capital Punishment   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Murder is the unlawful killing of one human by another, especially with premeditated malice. This country believes killings someone under certain circumstances is acceptable; this should not be the case. Capital punishment, the death penalty, is the maximum sentence used in punishing people who kill another human being. It is one of the most controversial topics in America today. Capital punishment is still murder, simple as that. The death penalty needs to be abolished in all states. There are too many flaws that come with this punishment. Innocent people can be executed, it is morally wrong, and it does not discourage, or deter crime.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From 1976 to the present, data from The Death Penalty states one hundred and nineteen death row inmates have been found innocent and set free prior to their execution. Also, at least twenty-three people have been executed who did not commit the crime they were accused of. The average number of years between being sentenced and exoneration is 9.2 years. Paying back someone nine years of their life is impossible; let alone telling someone that is already dead, they are innocent and free to go. These numbers are way too high; errors like this should be caught right away. Wasting years of a mans life, or ending it all together is not what America should stand for. Without the death penalty, an innocent man will at least be able to pick up where he left off, and not be wrongfully executed. Mistakes like these do not need to be made. Another big issue with killing an innocent person is the case remains closed forever. If a case is closed the police will not have reason to look for the real killer. When an innocent person is executed, the real killer is still on the streets, ready to kill someone else. Innocence goes both ways. Innocent murder victims and wrongfully convicted people that are sentenced to death are in the same boat. Both of them had their lives stripped from them when they shouldn’t have. Murdering an innocent person is like executing the wrong person. There is no full proof way of making sure innocent people are not put on death row. Therefore there is no reason for the death penalty, in any state.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Any person of any religion can see that the death penalty is morally wrong. There aren’t any religions that pr... ...ot be allowed. Capital punishment is a power that no man or woman deserves to make for another human being. This is taking away the peoples right to live. Capital punishment has no place in today's society. There are too many bad things that can come from the death penalty. Perfectly innocent people can be put on death row, or even executed. It is immoral on so many levels. Also it has never been proven to deter crime. Therefore capital punishment, the death penalty, should be abolished in all states. Innocent or wrongfully convicted people will be able to benefit from this, and stand another chance without the death penalty. Also there is a great chance there will be a decrease in murder rates. Bibliography Works Cited Arguments For & Against the Death Penalty. Death Penalty Curricula for High School. 13 April 2005 . Dieter, Richard. Facts about Deterrence and the Death Penalty. Death Penalty   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Information Center. 12 April 2005 . Mitchell, Hayley, ed. The Death Penalty. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, Inc., 2001. Wekesser, Carol, ed. The Death Penalty: Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego: Greenhaven   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Press, Inc., 1991.

Old Spice Ad Analysis

December 11, 2012 Comp I Advertisement Analysis Advertisements come in various shapes, sizes, and mediums, and as humans, we are constantly surrounded by them. Whether they are on TV, radio, or in a magazine, there is no way that we can escape them. They all have their target audience for whom the advertisers have specifically designed the ad. When a company produces a commercial, their main objective is to get their product to sell. This is a multibillion-dollar industry and the advertisers study all the ways that they can attract their audience’s attention.The producers of advertisements have many tactics and strategies they use when producing an ad to get consumers to buy their product. These include things such as rhetorical appeals, logical fallacies, and â€Å"the male gaze. † The function of marketing is to either increase the number of customers or increase the rate of use among current customers. The number of customers can be increased by converting customers from competing brands, developing loyalty to the brand among current customers, or expanding the total market for the product class. The more ads they make, the more they in turn have to make in order to get our attention, it’s led to a vicious circle of clutter† (PBS Frontline: The Persuaders). Advertising is a battle of which company can fill up the most empty wall space. Consequently, cities turn into a mass chaos of posters and billboards. Subway tunnels have now been turned into moving pictures, to produce almost a â€Å"commercial† if you will. The buses themselves have been turned into moving billboards. Nowadays the thirty-minute block for a television show is about 15 minutes worth of advertisements and 15 minutes of the actual show.Along with that, many people are actually being paid to be an advertisement, whether it be standing out in front of a building with a sign, or putting a company decal on their car. Advertisements, likewise, cannot be escaped. However, often advertisers have to be sure and not â€Å"over do† their advertisements, or else the audience in which they are trying to appeal to will become annoyed. Old Spice, a major company for men’s hygienic products, has created a line of men’s body wash that has a very appealing and humorous advertising campaign.These ads are designed not only to get their product noticed in the marketplace, but also to eclipse other lines of men’s body wash. The Old Spice commercials imply that by using their product, a man will be or become more similar to the Old Spice man, or in other words, the ultimate man. The Old Spice advertisements capture men by reaching out to the needs of women, giving the ideal image of what a man should be and how he should smell, and by creating a sexual theme that attracts attention. The bottles used for all Old Spice products have red incorporated within the design.This is because red is the color of attraction. That is why red always surrounds Valentine's day. Red can also signify power and strength. The Old Spice design tries to go with a classic, authentic look. It wants to appeal to a variety of ages. It has a very sophisticated look (Keitel). In our society, an extremely smart and effective way of selling a product designed for men is to appeal to women. Women have many opinions on commercials that deal with men’s products, and if they like the commercials, they will be more apt to either buy the product themselves or influence the men they know to buy it.Advertisers not only use sexual appeals to attract attention to their ads, but to position their brands as sexual and to suggest that sex-related benefits can ensue to the brand purchasers. In Old Spice’s current ad campaign, there are a series of commercials using different actors and sports stars that are very fit and good looking to highlight their body wash. In the ad they use ex-NFL wide receiver Isaiah Mustafa, promoting elements of masculinity, sex appeal, and humor.In the ad, Mustafa is coming out of a shower dressed only in a towel, saying in a deep voice, â€Å"Hello, ladies†, and then continuing to talk directly to women viewers, telling them to look alternately at him and then the man sitting next to them for the implied comparison in which no normal man would come out very well. The commercial then continues with rapidly shifting scenes that show Mustafa in romantic fantasy–? like settings designed to appeal to women. He is shirtless on a sailboat at sunset, then holding tickets to â€Å"that thing you love†.The tickets then turn into diamonds, and finally then ad ends with Mustafa sitting shirtless on a white stallion on a tropical beach. The commercial’s appeal to women relies not only on the attractiveness of the actor and the settings, but to the humor that is based on the idea that such a perfect man can exist at all. Conversely, not only do these commercials reach out to women, but also there are men in the target audience and there is a message for them as well. These ads present an ideal image of how a man should be and what he should smell like.By using a good looking, fit, man for this advertisement, it gives the product an image that men want. The logical fallacy, ad populum, is present in this commercial. This ad almost shouts out the ideas that if you use the product you can look, smell, and be exactly like the man you see on your television. The Old Spice man, Mustafa, does everything better than you do and will give your woman more than you can give her. You can smell like the â€Å"ultimate man†, or as the slogan used in the ads says, â€Å"Smell like a man†.The ad makes a man react emotionally and appeal directly to his masculinity, vanity, and even his insecurity in being able to impress, attract, and keep women happy. This ad also portrays the idea of â€Å"scopophilia†. Scopophila is known as the pleasure in lo oking; by this, women want to have a pleasure in looking at their man, and the only way that will happen is if he uses Old Spice. In addition to appealing to women’s tastes and a man’s emotional need to smell like a manly man and attract a woman, this commercial uses the old reliable advertising strategy – sex sells.A sexually themed commercial can appeal to both men and women, and is sure to attract attention. Men and women are often portrayed in a sexual manner in ads of products that have absolutely nothing to do with sex itself. However, the sexiness of the advertisement causes people to remember the ad, and thus the product. This sexiness in advertising is enhanced and affected by the physical attributes of the models, their movement or actions, their interactions if there is more than one model, and the special effects provided by the camera.The desired result is achieved, because of the sexual nature of the ad, a fit and good-looking man talking directly to women in a seductive voice and in a romantic location. People, both men and women, stop what they are doing and watch. Sex can make the beholder feel young again. Sex may also reassure men of their masculinity and women of their femininity. The sexual content of the commercial also does more than grab people’s attention, it helps them remember the ads.The Old Spice ads are successful because they make an impression on people and lead to discussions with other people who have seen them. The advertisers do have to be careful with the use of sex appeal in these ads. If the sexual content is overdone, it might not work as intended. They need to make sure that people are not so distracted by the sexual appeal of the ad that they do not remember what the ad was for in the first place. It does not do any good to create a sensual or sexual message when all they can remember is the image and not the brand name.Therefore, advertisers need to make sure the sexual/sensual image being used is connected in some way to the product or service being promoted. This will create a link between the two and make the viewer much more likely to remember the product or service being advertised. When making a sexual ad, producers must tailor the message to the people they are targeting, which includes understanding the audience’s feelings and beliefs on public sexuality. Women have a different viewpoint on the subject of sexual appeal in advertisements.The objectification of women in advertising campaigns has significant psychological implications. It socializes women to think of them in the manner in which they are depicted, and causes them to engage in self-objectification. When women view advertisements featuring thin female models, it causes them to think that their own bodies should also be thin, creates anxieties relating to their weight, appearance, body satisfaction, and creates a negative mood. Thus, their body image causes them to suffer emotionally and psych ologically.Bordo states in her essay, â€Å"Today, as many as one million men – and eight million women – have an eating disorder. † Perhaps, by buying the advertised items, the viewing audience of women believes they will instantly become taller, thinner, younger, and prettier. This is not the same psychological effect experienced by women who view ads with female models of average proportions, or with no female models at all. Objectification of women in advertisements and emphasis on the size of their breasts has created a society of cosmetically enhanced, large-breasted women.Their self-image is predicated on the media's portrayal of a desirable woman. In order to have high self-esteem, and see themselves as attractive and valued women, many females feel this enhancement is necessary. Most human consumption is a result of a drive to satisfy sensuous desires. Advertising uses sexual images to encourage this consumption. People become dissatisfied with their im perfect selves, and seek to become perfect by buying the sexually charged products. Sex is an easy way to get the attention of males and make a product seem desirable.Women are objectified, and men are swayed to purchase the product and as a reward, get the women. The women represented in these ads are all beautiful and physically well endowed. Men are stimulated by the immediate physical sexuality in the ads, whereas women seem to be more stimulated by the sexuality for the romantic aspect of it. Men want to get the women. Women want the sexuality for the promise of the future. There seems to be no question that the use of sexuality in advertising helps to sell a product.However, when sexuality is used, the concept is true that there is greater consumer interest in observing the ads. This increased consumer interest often leads to the purchase of the advertised product. Works Cited Bordo, Susan. â€Å"Beauty (Re)discovers the Male Body†. Writing Analytically with Reading. 2n d ed. EDS. Rossenwasser, David and Jill Stephen. Boston: Wadsworth, 2012. 821-843. Print. Keitel, Victoria. â€Å"Old Spice Analysis. † Personal. PSU. n. d. Web. 11 Nov. 2012 Rushkoff, Douglas. â€Å"The Persuaders. † PBS Frontline. 9 Nov. 2004. Web. 11 Nov. 2012

English Poetry and of Mice and Men Exam Practice Essay

what to look for in poetry †¢tone †¢pace †¢mood/atmoshere †¢themes/ideas †¢imagery †¢techniques, why woman work and overheard in country Sligo differences- ââ€" ªwoman work-very busy mood and atmosphere-because of the rhyme! reflects everything she has to do ââ€" ªOverhead-calmer, more relaxed, slow pace!-reflects here quite country irish life. the women themselves are different, one busy one maybe too similarity- †¢neither women feel like they have a lot to call their own †¢woman work talks about she can only call nature her own-â€Å"star shine, moon glow/your all that i can call my own† †¢overheard-says how she wanted her name in a book or on Angelou-implies stage, didn’t get what she wanted â€Å"i ought to feel happy†-implies she should but doesn’t †¢both spend their time doing house work The poem, Woman Work by Maya Angelou shows how busy life can be for a black woman in southern american, and the general mood is very busy, with the use of rhyming giving it a quick pace, reflecting on her life. It also highlights how she doesn’t feel like she has a lot to a call her own in life, implying everything she does is not for self. The poem, Overhear in County Sligo shows the life a married woman in rural Ireland and the poem has a much calmer mood and slower pace reflecting the quiet she lives. It talks about dreams that the woman once had, and how maybe she’s not as happy with her lot in life. ‘I find my face in the glass/I ought to feel I’m a happy woman’ this stands out to me in this poem as I think it provokes very strong emotions and empathy towards the woman, by showing how unhappy and unfulfilled she feels. One of the main differences between these two poems is the pace and mood. Woman Work has a much a quicker pass and busier mood whereas Overheard in County Sligo is much slower and more relaxed. In Woman Work Angelou uses short lines and a rhyme, to give the poem a quick pass. Reflecting on how busy life may be for the woman. Angelou writes, ‘I’ve got the children to tend / the clothes to mend’. These lines are quite short, and the pace implies that the woman has to do all the work and has a lot of responsibilities. The use of the word ‘tend’ also makes looking after the children sound like a very tedious thing and almost chore like, implying that she feels she many other and maybe more important things to be doing. In Overheard in Country Sligo the mood is much calmer and the slower pace gives a relaxing mood. Clarke writes, ‘with a field of cows and a yard of hens’ this line, like the majority in the poem is quite longs and has a slow pa ce when reading, this may have been done to reflect the woman’s lifestyle, and the poets use of describing the countryside makes life seem very calm and idyllic, almost as If the woman doesn’t have a lot she has to rush for. One the main similarities in the poems is the impression that neither women have much that they feel they can call their own. In Woman Work, Angelou writes, ‘star shine, moon glow/your all that I can call my own’ this shows that she doesn’t feel that she has much she can call here own, implying that all the work she dos is not for herself, but for others. The uses of the words ‘shine’ and ‘glow’ to describe nature, implies that natures is possibly the one calm and beautiful thing in here life. In Overheard in Country Sligo, Clarke writes, ‘or have my name printed in a book/to see my thoughts on printed page’ this implies that the woman had bigger dreams than of getting married and I think the use of the phrase ‘my name printed’ shows that she wanted to have something that belonged to her and that showed everything she thought or did. I also think the fact that she states ‘I married a man from County Roscomm on’ shows that she may feel little belongs to here or has her name on, and that maybe she feels that she’s living a life for here husband and not for her self. Another similarity in the poems is that both women spend their time doing house work and chores. In Woman Work, Angelou lists off everything the she has to do with her day. Angelou writes, ‘the floor to mop/the food to shop’ this makes her work seem very tedious and mundane and Clarke gives the similar impression about work in Overheard in County Sligo, when she writes’ and polish the lustre and brass,/to order and dust the tumbled rooms’. She makes does not make work sound very interesting or something that she enjoys. However a subtle difference between the two is that Clarke makes the woman’s work seem very monotonous or as if she has to force herself to it, whereas in Woman Work, work seem to be very hectic and rushed. Valentine by carol ann Duffy and †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ by w h Auden plan- †¢valentine- its very personal she’s writing it to her lover, shown by using i and you- personal pronouns †¢funeral blue- it seems more like he’s declaring his feeling, attitude, instead of referring to the dead lover – thus effects the mood. †¢valentine- onion represents love but also link s to the future, time continues †¢funeral- wants time to end, no future †¢love stays with you, nothings the same when it ends Valentine by Carol Ann Duffy is about giving an onion as a gift on valentines day, to represent love, the poet is tired of meaning less clichà © gifts and whats to give something truthful and poetic instead. She talks about every thing that the onion represents and what love entails, and the overall mood is very personal and uplifting, as if she was directly addressing a lover. Funeral blues is about life now that a lover is dead, and how its so difficult to understand how things can go on in life, but the fact that he uses a rhyme lighten the pace and shows that for others life will go on as normal. This poem seems more like the poet making a statement and has a very powerful, but sad mood as you realise how deviating a lose it is to the poet. One of the main differences between the poems is the tone and mood that they sets. Valentine, is very personal, it implies through the use of the personal pronouns, ‘you’ and ‘i’ that its supposed to have a more personal and intimate feel. Duffy shows this when she writes, ‘I give you an onion./its fierce kiss will stay on your lips,/possessive and faithful’, she uses very powerful words such as ‘fierce’ and ‘possessive’ which create a more passionate and powerful mood, giving a reader a string sense of her love for this person. Funeral blues however has a different tone and mood, it seems a lot less intimate ad personal but more like the poet trying to declare their pain to everyone, instead of referring to the lover in a personal way, he uses 3rd person as if he’s telling others, not speaking to the dead lover. Auden shows this when he writes ‘he was my north, my south, my east, my west,’. This lin e is very strong and again reflects the sense of declaration that i think sets the mood throughout the poem, and the use of ‘he’ makes it feels like a statement that everyone should here, which differs to the personal account given by Duffy. Another difference in the poem is the theme. Valentine talks about promise and future, where as in Funeral Blues it seems like the poets can’t believe there is a future and that life can still go on. Duffy shows this theme of future in several different ways, one being when she writes ‘Its platinum loops shrink to a wedding-ring,’ this line implies that she can imagine future with her lover, and the phrase, ‘if you like’ implies that they can make what they want of life, and that again there’s a future. Contrastingly in funeral blues Auden implies that he can no longer see a future know that he’s alone, and nothing is worth while, this is show mainly in the final stanza,’pour away the ocean, and sweep up the wood.’ implying that everything seems pointless in life and he can no longer appreciate the beauty in the world. One similarity between the poems is the idea that love is every powerful and stays with you no matter how it ends. Duffy shows this in Valentine in the final stanza, when she uses the strength of an onions smell as a metaphor for love staying with you, ‘Its scent will cling to your fingers’. The use of the word ‘cling’ in this line is very powerful and helps to show the level in which love stays with you, implying it’s hold over a person is very strong. Auden shows love in a similar light in Funeral Blues, he writes, ‘for nothing now can ever come to any good’ implying that love has changed everything, the way he perceives things and does things, showing like in Valentine the power love has over a person. Look closely at the text, what does it real about george’s character, how does he behave and speak? plan- †¢george, it shows he’s aware of the prejudice towards Lennie-feels the need to lie about why they travel together. †¢gets angry with Lennie, makes his life more difficult, doesn’t always appreciate or is aware of the trouble george goes to. †¢he’s quite quick and sharp, he responds well to question, knows the right things to say The extract reveals quite a lot about Georges character. It shows that George as quite a sharp and intelligent character, who seems to be able to say the right things. Steinbeck shows this when he write, george broke in loudly. ‘oh! I ain’t saying he’s bright. He ain’t. but he’s a god damn good worker’. This implies that george is very quick and sharp, he’s very aware of the right things to say. The fact that Steinbeck also uses quite sharp short sentences here when Georges is speaking helps to show Georges thought proses and you can see him thinking about the thing the boss night want to hear. The extract also reveals that Georges character is very aware of the prejudice towards Lennie, and wants to do what he can protect Lennie as well as ensure them a job. He does this by not allowing Lennie to talk, and explaining why he may not come across as smart because â€Å"he got kicked in the head by a horse when he was kid†. This als o implies that george doesn’t share everyone else’s prejudice towards mental disabilities, or at least not Lennie’s. In the extract Steinbeck also represents george as having a short temper at times, especially regarding Lennie. Steinbeck shows this when he writes â€Å"be a damn good thing if you was,† george said viciously † save everybody a hell of a lot o trouble†. this gives the impression that George finds moving around with Lennie very frustrating, maybe because he knows that Lennie is always aware appreciates everything george does, and he’s knows how much easier things would be if Lennie wasn’t there. the use of the word ‘viciously’ reveals a lot about George’s character and shows that he is capable of being quite vastly and powerful when he losses his temper. How the Steinbeck present slims character in the extract? Plan- †¢made to seem very friendly ad welcoming-his tone was friendly, it invited confidence without demanding it. †¢deep, wise, understanding, smart-his slow speech had overtones of not thought, but of understanding beyond thought — not like other ranch workers †¢impressive, strong. — He was the prince of the ranch, capable of driving, ten, sixteen even twenty mules with a single line. — Just the length of Stienbecks destruction makes him seem more impressive. †¢authoritative-all talk stopped when spoke. his authority was so great his word was taken on any subject. be it police or love in extract Steinbeck presents slim as being very different to your typical ranch worker at the time and shows many aspects of slims character. one being that he seem very strong and impressive, Steinbeck shows this when he writes, ‘he was the price of the ranch, capable of driving, ten, sixteen even twenty mules with a single line’ this show how strong he is but steinboks use of increase figures makes him seem more impressive and as if he’s strength has no end. the length in which steinbok writes about slim also emphasise how impressive a character he is. In the extract Steinbeck also presents slim as being a very deep, understanding and smart character. Steinbeck writes, ‘ his slow speech had overtones not of thought but of understanding beyond though’. This implies that slims is a very deep character, who’s understanding is far beyond that of other ranch workers. slim is also made to seem very authoritative in this extract. one of the ways in which steinbok shows this is when he writes’ ‘his tone was friendly, it invited confidence without demanding it’. this shows slims character as being very friendly, but also as very reasonable and welcoming. the use of the word ‘confidence’ also highlights that slims a character who is able to better others and confident that jet simp;y being around him enables others to be more open and confident. Finally Steinbeck shows slims slim authority. He does this when he writes, ‘all talk stopped when he spoke. His authority was so great his word would be taken on any subject wether it be politics or love’ this quote highlights every aspect of slims character and the way people view him, it reinforces the fact that he is wise and knowledgeable ,as well as showing his power and straight over others. How does Steinbeck create mood and atmosphere in the extract? plan- †¢peaceful and innocent, sets the mood through describing cureless wife †¢quite, time stops Steinbeck creates mood and atmosphere in the extract through describing how quiet it is in barn. He describes how things change, and the way he looks at light gives a very calm and almost magical atmosphere. ‘the sun streaks were high on the wall by now, and light was growing soft’ the makes everything seem very bright and the uses of the word ‘soft’ creates a magical and beautiful atmosphere which helps to reflect upon how Curley’s wife is portrayed know she is dead. Steinbeck also creates mood in the extract with the line ‘and sound and movement stopped for much, much more that a moment,’ the reinforces the magical and peaceful atmosphere in this scene, and the use of the word ‘stop’ makes the reader themselves pause and think about for a moment, creating a very deep and more effective mood. Steinbeck also creates mood in this extract through his description of Cruley’s wife, ‘ and the meanness and the planning and the discontent and ache for attention were all gone from her face.’ this line makes the reader feel a sense of the pain she felt when she was a live, but by referring to her pain Steinbeck also creates a stronger sense of freedom and relief now that see has died. the phrases ‘gone from her face’, also allows the reader to picture the scene and what she might look like creating a more real atmosphere. what to include- †¢context- the time †¢themes †¢tracking †¢what happens †¢quotes †¢conclusion For which character do you have the most sympathy for? Show how Steinbecks presentation of your character creates sympathy. plan- ââ€" ªcurelys wife ââ€" ªprejudice- i can’t tai to know body but curly, jailbait, tart ââ€" ªloneliness-think i don’t like to talk to nobody ever once in a while ââ€" ªunhappy marriage – think I’m gonna stay in that 2 by 4 house and listen to how curley gonna lead with his left ââ€" ªamerican dream-i could have been in the pitchers, failed know she’s with curley ââ€" ªsymplahy in beauty in death, reveals hr pain ââ€" ªthe way she confided in lennie – ‘i don’t like curley he aint a nice fella’ i have the most sympathy for curleys wife in the novel as i think that she has had a lot of disappointment and hardship in her life. one way in which stienbeck creates sympathy for her character is through showing her loneliness and how unhappy she is in her marriage. she does not seem happy or in love with curley, or the new life she has to lead to on the ranch, and her marriage is the main reason she’s so lonely, it has meant she’s isolated on the ranch, ‘think I’m gonna stay in that 2 by 4 house and listen to how cureless gonna lead with his left.’ and the fact that she doesn’t seem to anything common with curley and he’s quite self pbsored means she doesn’t feel happy. and when she confides in lennie by saying ‘i don’t like curley, he aint a nice fella’ it generates sympathy by showing how unhappy she is about her life, and the fact that she says he aint a nice fella almost makes her appear trapped. the wa y she is treated by the other ranch workers also generates sympathy, as it makes her seem very unwanted, as most of the ranch workers judge her harshly, and she’s accused of being a ‘tart’ and ‘jailbait’. the ranch workers attitudes towards her also shows the prejudice women faced at the time, and the fact that she’s is a married women means no one should be talking to her, and she’s expected to stay in the house and conform to society in the 1930’s. one of the main ways in which Steinbeck creates sympathy for her character is through the way she is presented in death. he describes her as young and pretty, and the emphases he puts upon how all the plottig and meanness left her, and she looked so a peace, made all the pain she’d felt in life very real. her american dream also generates sympathy, as it shows the hard ship and disappointment she’s had to face in a life, but the she also deep down thinks she might get t here some day. it shows the sort of life she desired and in a way that might have made her new life on the ranch harder to face. How does John Steinbeck presentation of George throughout the novel affect your feelings towards him? In this essay I will explore the presentation of George throughout the novel. One of the ways in which Steinbeck presents George is as a caring man. This is largely show through his parental attitude towards Lennie. He is shown to care about out Lennie and tries to keep him out of trouble even though he does not actually have any obligation to. This is shown during the first chapter when we see George take a lot of responsibility for Lennie, carrying his things â€Å"think I’d let you carry your own work card† and generally looking after him . This factor affected my feelings towards George, especially as during the time it was not normal for one man to care so much for another, especially ranch workers, as shown when slim finds out they travel together, â€Å"I never seen one guy care so much for another†. However George is shown to lose his temper with Lennie on several occasion, an example being in the first chapter when Lennie asks for ketchup, â€Å"you alw ays want what I ain’t got†, showing how difficult life can be for George traveling with him. This generates some sympathy towards George for me as it again shows how he puts up with Lennie because he loves him, even though he knows how different his life could be if he travelled alone. George’s attitude towards the American affected my feelings towards his character as well, especially as we saw it develop throughout the novel, and there are three main points that show how he feels towards the American dream. The first being when he is telling the story of their farm to Lennie, he interrupts himself and says â€Å"I ain’t got time for no more†, I think this shows that sometimes he gets caught up in this story, showing how much he longs for it but that deep downs knows how near impossible it is to achieve. The second point that I think is key to Georges attitude towards the American dream is when candy offers to give them the money. We see how excited George is when he says â€Å"we’ll do her†, this point affected my feelings towards him as it shows how much he wants the dream and gave me a sense of Georges happiness. I think that the main point regarding George’s attitude towards the dream was after candy had shown George Curley’s wife’s body, it’s during this scene we see how the dream was always really something for him and Lennie, and if he can’t do it worth Lennie it seems he doesn’t want to do it at all. All of these points really impacted my feeling towards as it generates a lot of emotions such as joy and sympathy towards George. How is the relationship between Curley and his wife important to the novel as a whole? plan- †¢shows that during the time relationships weren’t always based on love †¢prejudice- Curley doesn’t let his wife talk to others †¢loneliness-shows that even though your wit someone you can still be lonely- happiness †¢their relationship is not close, this causes cureless wife to stray to talk to others, talk to Lennie Loneliness is at the heart of the novel, to what extent do you agree with this? Show how Steinbeck presents the theme of friendship in of mice and men? plan- †¢presents it as rare- ranch workers, time †¢presents it as brief and fragile †¢presents it through candy and dog †¢lennie and george †¢maybe look at slim being v. understanding and friendly and curly not trusting new people. Steinbeck presents the theme of friendship is several different easy throughout the novel. Steinbeck presents friendship as rare throughout the novel, during the 1930s male friendship between ranch workers was very rare, one point when this is show is when the ranch boss say â€Å"i never seen one guy take so much trouble for another†, implying that friendship between men is a very rare thing, and that workers may prefer to to keep to themselves. the rarity of lennie and georges friendship is also shown through several statements implying that they can not just be friends, for example when george and lennie meet curley as well as the boss they are questioned about the motives of their friendship. as well as presenting friendship as rare, Steinbeck also presents it as fragile, as we see the two major friendships end, candy and when his dog is shoot and lennie and george, when george kills lennie. ‘The characters are powerless’ do you agree i do not agree all the characters are completely powerless, how ever in some ways the majority of them are for- Lennie †¢stronge †¢can’t control him self, relies on others, mental illness. -Curley’s wife †¢prejudice, Curley controls her -slim †¢powerful